Certificate for my lecture about the “Pastoral livelihoods and Animal centric Culture ” during the mountain ecosystems teaching series of the Summer Field School.
small scaled farming
Strengthening the resilience of small-scale farmers is critical to reversing the rise in hunger and ending poverty
Today, on the UN International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, I wanted to step back and reflect on the progress we have made collectively and through IFAD‘s work and also look at the challenges we are facing to further reduce poverty.
— Read on www.ifad.org/en/web/latest/blog/asset/41385382
The Farming System that Ensures Biodiversity Conservation
Small scaled family farming plays a multidimensional role, ensuring not only livelihood but play a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation. Such farmers judiciously use the weeds and herbs grown along with the crops and use the crop residues as animal feed. Here are some pictures, I shot in my hometown Borai, Loralai which show us the beauty of this unique farming system. The farmer told me that he never used any pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
Location of beautiful orchard or JAR
Borai or Bori commonly known as Loralai is the cradle of orchard farming (locally known as JAR) and breeding area of native livestock, i.e sheep, goat, cattle, donkey, and chicken. The Jar is an ancient tradition of family gardening, fenced with the stalks of native thorny bushes or mud walls to protect from livestock and wildlife. The fence is known as Daragi and we have many villages and towns with the name of Daragi or Dargi. It is believed that the region is one of the ancient hubs of livestock husbandry and arable farming. I have tried to make some screenshots from google earth and show you where it is. The region is situated on the tracks of the strong winds between the sea and mountain. The red arrow indicates the wind tracks.
Family gardening is known as jar locally, a small heaven for the family 
Borai is situaited in northeastern Balochistan, known as Janobi Pashtunkhawa 
Borai is on the route of strong dry winds between Pamir and Arabian sea
Vegetables are grown at the orchard, providing rich and safe food for the family.
More plant and animals diversity is placed on a smaller piece of land with the highest productivity and the whole family depends on this farm in one or another way.
Almod tree full of fruits 
Almond fruits
The trees and fodder for livestock Alfalfa 
Chilles vegetable
Local fig variety 
Fig tree
![IMG_8366[1].JPG](https://arkbiodiv.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/img_83661.jpg?w=4032)
Read in detail about my philosophy regarding small-scaled farming and its role in food security and biodiversity conservation. https://arkbiodiv.com/2011/10/12/113/
Goat is playing a Pivotal role in Rural Economy! Small Scaled Farming is a Hope
An article in ‘Animal’ compares the lifetime performance (mortality, maturity, nutrition, birth weight etc.) of West African Dwarf goats kept under various feeding systems.
via Lifetime performance of West African dwarf goats under different feeding systems — ILRI news
Added benefits of reducing meat and dairy consumption
When we think of the big drivers of climate change, cars and air travel often come to mind. But transformations over the past century in the way food is produced and consumed have resulted in more greenhouse gas emissions than those from transportation. The biggest culprits? Industrial meat and dairy.
In addition to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, reducing consumption in the countries that currently eat too much meat and dairy could have significant health and social welfare benefits. One study shows that reducing meat consumption as a means of fighting climate change would also cut the risk of colon cancer, heart disease and lung disease worldwide by 34 percent.[31] Another says it would reduce global mortality by 6 to 10 percent by 2050, translating into a healthcare cost savings of US$735 billion per year.[32]
Other scientists point out that cutting meat and dairy consumption would cut infectious disease and reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance, and have secondary effects as well.[33] One model shows that the worldwide adoption of a healthy diet could reduce mitigation costs for the energy sector by more than 50 percent by 2050.[34] It would also free up land now used for animal feed production and, if combined with other policy measures, could help small farmers access much-needed land.
For details, please go to the link below for GRAIN Report
Grabbing the bull by the horns: it’s time to cut industrial meat and dairy to save the climate
SUSTAINABLE FARMING FOR FOOD AND HEALTH 